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Gilia
Gilia is a genus of between 25-50 species of flowering plants in the family Polemoniaceae, native to temperate and tropical regions of the Americas, from the western United States south to northern Chile, where they occur mainly in desert or semi-desert habitats.
They are herbaceous annual, rarely perennial, growing to 10-120 cm tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, usually pinnate (rarely simple), forming a basal rosette in most species. The flowers are produced in a panicle, with a five-lobed corolla, which can be blue, white, pink or yellow.
Selected species
Gilia achilleifolia - The annual flowering plant Gilia achilleifolia is known commonly as California gilia, California gily-flower, and blue gilia. It is native to California but grows in other areas of North America where it has been introduced. The plant is erect with long stems that bear bunches of funnel-shaped lavender flowers.
Gilia angelensis is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name chaparral gilia. It is native to the coastal hills and mountains of California and Baja California, where it is a member of the chaparral ecosystem. This wildflower grows a slender, branching stem reaching anywhere from 10 to 70 centimeters in maximum height. Leaves made up of several small leaflets grow clustered on the lower part of the plant. At the ends of the stem branches are clustered inflorescences of petite flowers. Each flower is less than a centimeter wide and very light lavender in color. The fruit is a capsule a few millimeters across containing up to 30 tiny seeds.
Gilia brecciarum is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name Nevada gilia. It is native to the western United States from California to Utah, where it grows in open areas in sandy soils, such as desert, plateau, and dry mountain slopes. This is a spindly wildflower with thin, branching stems reaching 10 to 40 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves are made up of multilobed leaflets usually straight and with rounded ends. The stems and foliage are shiny green and covered in cobweb-like fibers, particularly on the lower stem. The herbage has an unpleasant skunklike scent. Flowers appear in small clustered inflorescences at the ends of the stem branches. Each is on a pedicel covered in hairlike black glands. The glandular flower has a small throat opening into a flat-faced pinkish-lavender corolla with five protruding purple-anthered stamens. The center of the flower and throat may have purple and yellow blotches. The fruit is an egg-shaped capsule about half a centimeter long.
Gilia cana is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name showy gilia. It is native to California and Nevada where it grows in open areas with gravelly and sandy soils, such as desert and rocky slopes. The Mojave Desert range of some subspecies may extend into Arizona. This wildflower grows a stout, branching stem reaching maximum heights around 30 centimeters. Most of the leaves are arranged in a clumpy rosette at the base of the plant. Each leaf is divided into leaflets with toothlike lobes. The lower part of the stem and leaves may have a coat of cobweb-like fibers. The herbage is glandular and has an unpleasant skunklike scent. The tops of the stem branches bear spreading inflorescences of glandular purple to pinkish-lavender flowers. Each flower has a short tubular throat which is yellow and blue inside and five slightly protruding stamens with bluish anthers. The fruit is a small, rounded capsule.
Gilia capitata is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names bluehead gilia and blue field gilia. It is native to much of western North America from Alaska to northern Mexico, and it can be found on the eastern side of the continent as an introduced species. It grows in many habitats, especially in sandy or rocky soils. This wildflower is somewhat variable in appearance, with branching, leafy stems reaching anywhere from 10 to 90 centimeters in maximum height and sometimes having glandular hairs on the fleshy herbage. The leaves are divided into toothed or lobed leaflets. Atop the branches of the thick stem are spherical inflorescences of 50 to 100 small flowers. Each flower has a throat opening into a spreading corolla which may be white, pink, lavender, or light blue. The stamens protrude slightly from the flower's mouth and are white with white, blue, or pink anthers.
Gilia clivorum is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names purplespot gilia and many-stemmed gilia. It is native to California and Arizona. This common wildflower bears a number of erect stems reaching 6 to 30 centimeters in maximum height. It is leafy especially on the lower part of the stems, with each leaf divided into small lance-shaped leaflets. The inflorescence contains one to five hairy, glandular flowers each less than a centimeter long. The lobes of the corolla are very light to deep purple or blue, and the throat of the flower is lighter in color with dark purple and yellow spots. The fruit is a small capsule containing many seeds.
Gilia inconspicua is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name shy gilia. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in sandy, open areas such as sagebrush and plateau. This is a small herb with a spreading, branched stem reaching a maximum height of about 30 centimeters. The leaves are mainly basal and are divided into small smooth-edged or toothed leaflets. The leaves and lower stem may be strung with cobweb-like fibers. The upper part of the stem around the inflorescence has a coat of black, hairlike gland fibers. Small flowers appear at the ends of the stem branches. Each is lavender with a yellowish throat.
Gilia latiflora is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names hollyleaf gilia and broad-flowered gilia. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the deserts and mountains of the southern part of the state. It adds lavender to the colorful carpet of spring wildflowers on the sandy washes of the region. The plant starts from a basal rosette of frilly leaves, each of which is made up of many narrow-toothed lobes. The stem is generally too small to notice; instead the plant is scapose, sending stemlike inflorescences directly up from the ground. Each multibranched inflorescence is green to reddish in color and approaches half a meter in maximum height. These are topped with fragrant flowers one to three centimeters across. Each flower is lavender to purple with a white throat from which protrude a long style and several shorter stamens.
Gilia malior is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name scrub gilia. It is native to California and Nevada, where it grows in sandy and rocky soils in desert and mountain habitat. The plant produces spindly, spreading stems which sometimes have clinging, cobweb-like fibers. Leaves appear in a basal rosette and also sparsely along the stems. They are each divided into toothed leaflets. Atop the stem branches are inflorescences of small flowers each up to a centimeter across. The pedicels bearing the flowers are abundantly coated in stalklike glandular hairs. Each small flower is lavender with a white or yellowish throat and tiny protruding stamens.
Gilia millefoliata is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name manyleaf gilia. It is native to the coastline of Oregon and northern California, where it grows in sand dune habitat. This wildflower grows a branching stem reaching maximum heights near 30 centimeters. The stem is dark green with some red coloration and is covered in abundant glandular hairs. The exudate gives the herbage a skunklike scent. The fleshy leaves are mainly located in a basal rosette at the ground and they are sparsely scattered along the stem as well. The inflorescences at the ends of the stem branches are small clusters of glandular flowers. Each flower is up to a centimeter wide and is mainly lavender to purple with a white or yellowish throat with purple spots in it. The fruit is a small capsule up to a centimeter wide.
Gilia millefoliata is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name manyleaf gilia. It is native to the coastline of Oregon and northern California, where it grows in sand dune habitat. This wildflower grows a branching stem reaching maximum heights near 30 centimeters. The stem is dark green with some red coloration and is covered in abundant glandular hairs. The exudate gives the herbage a skunklike scent. The fleshy leaves are mainly located in a basal rosette at the ground and they are sparsely scattered along the stem as well. The inflorescences at the ends of the stem branches are small clusters of glandular flowers. Each flower is up to a centimeter wide and is mainly lavender to purple with a white or yellowish throat with purple spots in it. The fruit is a small capsule up to a centimeter wide.
Gilia ophthalmoides is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name eyed gilia. It is native to the southwestern United States where it can be found in woodlands and high desert plateau. This wildflower grows a short branching stem reaching 10 to 30 centimeters long and covered in a coating of cobweb-like fibers and whitish glandular hairs. The leaves mostly located at the ground in a basal rosette and are occasional along the stems. Each hairy leaf is divided into toothy leaflets. The small flowers have tubular throats which are purplish to yellowish and a centimeter-wide corolla of light pink lobes. The fruit is a capsule a few millimeters long containing several seeds.
Gilia scopulorum is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names rock gilia and Rocky Mountain gilia. It is native to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. This wildflower produces an erect, branching stem up to 30 centimeters tall from a basal rosette of long, straight leaves. Each leaf is made up of leaflets with pointed teeth, and the herbage is hairy and glandular. The stem branches into inflorescence stalks covered in black hairlike glands. The flowers are one to two centimeters wide and lavender to purple with yellowish or white throats. The fruit is a capsule half a centimeter wide containing many seeds.
Gilia scopulorum is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names rock gilia and Rocky Mountain gilia. It is native to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. This wildflower produces an erect, branching stem up to 30 centimeters tall from a basal rosette of long, straight leaves. Each leaf is made up of leaflets with pointed teeth, and the herbage is hairy and glandular. The stem branches into inflorescence stalks covered in black hairlike glands. The flowers are one to two centimeters wide and lavender to purple with yellowish or white throats. The fruit is a capsule half a centimeter wide containing many seeds.
Gilia stellata is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name star gilia. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it is a common resident of desert washes and sandy mountain slopes. The erect, branching stem reaches a maximum height around 40 centimeters and is coated in stiff, white hairs and stalked glands. Leaves are mostly arranged in a basal rosette at the ground, each leaf composed of toothlike leaflets. The inflorescence is an array of several small funnel-shaped flowers. Each flower has a corolla of five pointed lobes in shades of light pink or lavender and a yellowish throat.
Gilia tenuiflora is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name greater yellowthroat gilia. It is endemic to California, where its distribution spans the central coast and coastal mountains, as well as the Channel Islands. The multibranched stem emerges from a basal rosette of leaves, each leaf divided into long, straight leaflets. The flower is lavender with a long stigma protruding from the throat. Despite the flower's common name, the throat is generally not yellow in color, but purple to white. There are several subspecies, including G. c. ssp. arenaria, the sand gilia, which is federally listed as an endangered species. It is known from fewer than twenty occurrences around Monterey Bay.
Gilia tricolor (Bird's-eyes, Bird's-eyes Gilia) is an ornamental plant native to the United States.
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